Predicting iatrogenic adrenal insufficiency in neonates exposed to prolonged steroid courses: do cortisol levels help?

J Perinatol. 2024 Nov;44(11):1658-1662. doi: 10.1038/s41372-024-01996-2. Epub 2024 May 20.

Abstract

Objective: To determine whether random cortisol levels obtained in neonates to assess for secondary adrenal insufficiency (AI) after prolonged steroid exposure are predictive of central AI.

Study design: Data were collected on neonates born 2017-2022 who received ≥10 consecutive days of systemic steroids and had cortisol measured thereafter. Data were then collected on whether those neonates developed signs of AI or had a failed adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test.

Results: Of the 71 cortisol levels (in 67 neonates) that were analyzed, there was no difference in cortisol levels between neonates who developed AI (median cortisol level of 6.5 mcg/dl) and those who did not (median of 9.2 mcg/dl), or between those who failed their ACTH stimulation test or passed it, using Wilcoxon ranked sum tests.

Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that cortisol levels may not be helpful in identifying AI in neonates exposed to prolonged steroids.

MeSH terms

  • Adrenal Insufficiency* / blood
  • Adrenal Insufficiency* / chemically induced
  • Adrenal Insufficiency* / diagnosis
  • Adrenocorticotropic Hormone* / blood
  • Female
  • Glucocorticoids / administration & dosage
  • Glucocorticoids / adverse effects
  • Humans
  • Hydrocortisone* / blood
  • Iatrogenic Disease
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Male
  • Retrospective Studies

Substances

  • Hydrocortisone
  • Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
  • Glucocorticoids