Uricase biofunctionalized plasmonic sensor for uric acid detection with APTES-modified gold nanotopping

Olabisi Abdullahi Onifade; Fatin Adriena Yusairie; Muhammad Hafiz Abu Bakar; Mohammed Thamer Alresheedi; Eng Khoon Ng; Mohd Adzir Mahdi; Ahmad Shukri Muhammad Noor

doi:10.1016/j.bios.2024.116486

Uricase biofunctionalized plasmonic sensor for uric acid detection with APTES-modified gold nanotopping

Biosens Bioelectron. 2024 Oct 1:261:116486. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116486. Epub 2024 Jun 7.

Authors

Olabisi Abdullahi Onifade¹, Fatin Adriena Yusairie², Muhammad Hafiz Abu Bakar³, Mohammed Thamer Alresheedi⁴, Eng Khoon Ng⁵, Mohd Adzir Mahdi⁶, Ahmad Shukri Muhammad Noor⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Wireless and Photonics Research Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: onifade.a.olabisi@gmail.com.
² Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: fatinadriena@gmail.com.
³ Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Wireless and Photonics Research Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: mhab@upm.edu.my.
⁴ Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, P.O. Box 800, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: malresheedi@ksu.edu.sa.
⁵ Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom. Electronic address: ekn27@cam.ac.uk.
⁶ Wireless and Photonics Research Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ION2), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: mam@upm.edu.my.
⁷ Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Wireless and Photonics Research Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: ashukri@upm.edu.my.

PMID: 38861811
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116486

Abstract

Current uric acid detection methodologies lack the requisite sensitivity and selectivity for point-of-care applications. Plasmonic sensors, while promising, demand refinement for improved performance. This work introduces a biofunctionalized sensor predicated on surface plasmon resonance to quantify uric acid within physiologically relevant concentration ranges. The sensor employs the covalent immobilization of uricase enzyme using 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) and N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) crosslinking agents, ensuring the durable adherence of the enzyme onto the sensor probe. Characterization through atomic force microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy validate surface alterations. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm model elucidates binding kinetics, revealing a sensor binding affinity of 298.83 (mg/dL)^-1, and a maximum adsorption capacity of approximately 1.0751°. The biofunctionalized sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 0.0755°/(mg/dL), a linear correlation coefficient of 0.8313, and a limit of detection of 0.095 mg/dL. Selectivity tests against potentially competing interferents like glucose, ascorbic acid, urea, D-cystine, and creatinine showcase a significant resonance angle shift of 1.1135° for uric acid compared to 0.1853° for interferents at the same concentration. Significantly, at a low uric acid concentration of 0.5 mg/dL, a distinct shift of 0.3706° was observed, setting it apart from the lower values noticed at higher concentrations for all typical interferent samples. The uricase enzyme significantly enhances plasmonic sensors for uric acid detection, showcasing a seamless integration of optical principles and biological recognition elements. These sensors hold promise as vital tools in clinical and point-of-care settings, offering transformative potential in biosensing technologies and the potential to revolutionize healthcare outcomes in biomedicine.

Keywords: Biofunctionalization; Enzymatic; Gold; Surface plasmon resonance; Uric acid; Uricase.

MeSH terms

Biosensing Techniques* / methods
Enzymes, Immobilized* / chemistry
Gold* / chemistry
Humans
Limit of Detection
Metal Nanoparticles / chemistry
Succinimides
Surface Plasmon Resonance*
Urate Oxidase* / chemistry
Uric Acid* / analysis
Uric Acid* / chemistry

Substances

Urate Oxidase
Uric Acid
Gold
Enzymes, Immobilized
N-hydroxysuccinimide
Succinimides