Cytoprotective agents in stroke: Still uncertainty in the next frontier

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2024 Sep;33(9):107860. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107860. Epub 2024 Jul 11.

Abstract

Introduction: Despite substantial improvement of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) care with the advent of extended time windows for intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT), a substantial portion of patients still suffer poor outcomes. Additional adjuvant therapies are needed but pharmacologic interactions among therapies may dictate how they could be used. We conducted a survey to determine physician decision-making regarding the use of cytoprotective agents in patients presenting with AIS.

Methods: The survey was structured, web-based, anonymous, and invite-only among physicians across the world treating patients presenting with AIS. Respondents were asked about the use of a hypothetical cytoprotective agent (that provided an added 10% benefit) in the context of a treatment interaction with IVT or its timing in relation to IVT.

Results: A total of 282 stroke physicians (74.9% males, mean age 46 years) participated in the survey. When the respondent could give both the cytoprotective agent and IVT with no treatment interaction, 177 (78.0%) chose to administer both. In the presence of treatment interaction, 88 (38.3%) would withhold IVT, 83 (36.1%) would withhold the cytoprotective agent and 56 (24.4%) were uncertain. Lastly, 111 (48.9%) were willing to administer the cytoprotective agent if it meant a necessary 10-minute delay in IVT administration.

Conclusions: Pharmacologic interactions result in major uncertainty about cytoprotective treatment choices.

Keywords: Acute ischemic stroke; Cytoprotection; Hyperbaric oxygen; Nerinetide; Remote ischemic conditioning.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Clinical Decision-Making*
  • Endovascular Procedures / adverse effects
  • Female
  • Fibrinolytic Agents* / administration & dosage
  • Fibrinolytic Agents* / adverse effects
  • Health Care Surveys
  • Humans
  • Ischemic Stroke* / diagnosis
  • Ischemic Stroke* / drug therapy
  • Ischemic Stroke* / physiopathology
  • Ischemic Stroke* / therapy
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neuroprotective Agents / administration & dosage
  • Practice Patterns, Physicians'* / trends
  • Stroke / diagnosis
  • Stroke / drug therapy
  • Stroke / physiopathology
  • Stroke / therapy
  • Thrombectomy / adverse effects
  • Thrombolytic Therapy* / adverse effects
  • Time Factors
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Uncertainty

Substances

  • Fibrinolytic Agents
  • Neuroprotective Agents