Multi-variate multi-objective optimization of production conditions for electro-spun skin scaffold using RSM and investigation of gamma irradiation effects on the properties of the optimized sample

M Hoseini; S Hamidi; E Salehi; A Mohammadi; F Mirhoseini; M Ravaghi

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32941

Multi-variate multi-objective optimization of production conditions for electro-spun skin scaffold using RSM and investigation of gamma irradiation effects on the properties of the optimized sample

Heliyon. 2024 Jun 18;10(12):e32941. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32941. eCollection 2024 Jun 30.

Authors

M Hoseini¹, S Hamidi¹, E Salehi², A Mohammadi¹, F Mirhoseini³, M Ravaghi¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Arak University, P.O. Box: 38156, Arak, Iran.
² Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, P.O. Box: 38156, Arak, Iran.
³ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arak University, P.O. Box: 38156, Arak, Iran.

Abstract

Developing electro-spun scaffolds with ideal mechanical properties for skin purposes can profit from using the Response Surface Methodology technique to define and optimize the outcome quality and required sterilization for use in vivo. This study investigated the effects of four main independent electrospinning variables for polycaprolactone nanofibers scaffold using multi-variable and multi-objective optimization. It was done to determine significant parameters on responses and find optimal conditions to reach the preferred properties. Young's modulus, elongation-at-break, and tensile strength were the responses. After obtaining appropriate models, the impact share of variables on the responses was determined using Sobol sensitivity analysis. The results showed that flow rate is the most significant parameter of elastic modulus and tensile strength responses, with 76.45 % and 41.27 % impact shares, respectively. The polymer concentration is the following significant parameter on elongation at break, tensile strength and, Young's modulus responses with 64.35 %, 39.485 and, 14.28 % impact share, respectively. Based on the optimized results, a skin scaffold with desired mechanical properties was achieved (under solution concentration of 10 % w/v, flow rate of 2 mL/h, nuzzle-collector distance of 15 cm, and applied voltage of 20 kV). Then it was sterilized with gamma radiation of various doses (25, 40, and 55 kGy) to use in vivo. The SEM analysis indicated no significant change in fibrous morphology due to gamma irradiation at any dosage. FTIR analysis demonstrated the breakup of ester bonds due to gamma irradiation. For samples irradiated by 25 kGy, the crystallinity percentage decreased and chains crosslinking without losing the mechanical stability was dominant. The studies demonstrated that 25 kGy of gamma irradiation could improve the mechanical properties of the optimized PCL skin scaffold, which is very promising for wound healing.

Keywords: Design expert; Gamma-ray sterilization; Multi-variate multi-objective optimization; Polycaprolactone nanofiber; Response surface methodology; Skin scaffold; Sobol sensitivity analysis.