Evaluating the effects of the CERES-Rice model to simulate upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield under different plant density and nitrogen management strategies in Fogera Plain, Northwest Ethiopia

Sisay Tefera; Kindie Tesfaye; Tilahun Tadesse; Teferi Alem; Dereje Ademe

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33556

Evaluating the effects of the CERES-Rice model to simulate upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield under different plant density and nitrogen management strategies in Fogera Plain, Northwest Ethiopia

Heliyon. 2024 Jun 25;10(13):e33556. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33556. eCollection 2024 Jul 15.

Authors

Sisay Tefera^{1

2}, Kindie Tesfaye³, Tilahun Tadesse⁴, Teferi Alem⁵, Dereje Ademe^{6

7}

Affiliations

¹ University of Gondar, College of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Gondar, Ethiopia.
² Debre Tabor University, College of Agriculture and Enviromental Science, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
³ CIMMYT, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
⁴ National Rice Research Training Center in (EIAR), Ethiopia.
⁵ University of Gondar College of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Gondar, Ethiopia.
⁶ Debre Markos University, Ethiopia.
⁷ University of Florida, Institute of Sustainable Food and Agricultural Systems, Department of Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences, USA.

Abstract

This study assessed the optimal nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate and planting density for the well-adapted upland rice cultivar NERICA_4 on the Fogera Plain. The primary objective was to evaluate the effects of varied planting densities and N-fertilizer rates on upland rice yield and other agronomic parameters. A two-year field study (2020 and 2021) was conducted at the Fogera Rice Research Field Station, testing nine plant densities (75, 87, and 98; 72, 82, and 91; 70, 79, and 89 plants per m² and two N rates (115 and 138 kg N ha^-1). The Crop Simulation Model Crop Environment Resource Synthesis (CSM-CERES-Rice) within the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) framework was calibrated and validated using site-specific weather, soil, crop, and agronomic management data from the experiment. Results on the subsequent RMSE, RMSEn, and d index values during the calibration phase were 0.074 t ha^-1, 1.82 %, and 0.86 of grain yield; 0.307 t ha^-1, 3.36 %, and 0.87 of by-product yield; 0.489 t ha^-1, 3.74 %, and 0.79 of top dry biomass yield; and 0.28, 8.24 %, and 0.63 of leaf area index values, respectively. Whereas results on the corresponding RMSE, RMSEn, and d index values during the evaluation phase were: 0.58 t ha^-1, 1.33 %, and 0.90 of grain yield; 0.69 t ha^-1, 0.58 %, and 0.99 of by-product yield; 0.678 t ha^-1, 4.36 %, and 0.67 of top dry biomass yield; and 0.75, 13.92 %, and 0.74 of leaf area index, respectively. The findings of the long-term simulation showed that a 23 % increase in grain yield was achieved with 138 kg N ha^-1 and 87 plants per m² of planting density, as compared to 115 kg N ha^-1 and 75 plants per m² of plant density. The recommended optimum plant density and N fertilizer rate were 138 kg N ha^-1 with PD2 of plant density for upland rice production in the Fogera Plain.

Keywords: Crop system model; Nitrogen fertilizer; Plant population; Row spacing; Simulation.