Sheehan's syndrome presenting with panhypopituitarism and central diabetes insipidus: a case report

BMC Endocr Disord. 2024 Jul 23;24(1):120. doi: 10.1186/s12902-024-01654-w.

Abstract

Background: Sheehan's syndrome is a rare condition, which is classically characterized by anterior pituitary hypofunction following postpartum shock or hemorrhage. While diabetes insipidus (DI) is not commonly associated with Sheehan's syndrome, we present a rare case of a multiparous female developing rapid-onset panhypopituitarism and DI following severe postpartum hemorrhage.

Case presentation: A previously healthy 39-year-old woman, gravida 5, para 4, presented with hypovolemic shock after vaginal delivery, attributed to severe postpartum hemorrhage, necessitating emergent hysterectomy. Although her shock episodes resolved during hospitalization, she developed intermittent fever, later diagnosed as adrenal insufficiency. Administration of hydrocortisone effectively resolved the fever. However, she subsequently developed diabetes insipidus. Diagnosis of Sheehan's syndrome with central diabetes insipidus was confirmed through functional hormonal tests and MRI findings. Treatment consisted of hormone replacement therapy, with persistent panhypopituitarism noted during a ten-year follow-up period.

Conclusions: Sheehan's syndrome is a rare complication of postpartum hemorrhage. Central diabetes insipidus should be suspected, although not commonly, while the patient presented polyuria and polydipsia. Besides, the potential necessity for long-term hormonal replacement therapy should be considered.

Keywords: Adrenal insufficiency; Central Diabetes insipidus; Panhypopituitarism; Postpartum hemorrhagic shock; Sheehan’s syndrome.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic* / complications
  • Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic* / diagnosis
  • Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic* / drug therapy
  • Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic* / etiology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hypopituitarism* / complications
  • Hypopituitarism* / diagnosis
  • Hypopituitarism* / drug therapy
  • Postpartum Hemorrhage / etiology
  • Prognosis

Supplementary concepts

  • Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency