Cancer phototherapy by CO releasing terpyridine-based Re(I) tricarbonyl complexes via ROS generation and NADH oxidation

Dalton Trans. 2024 Aug 13;53(32):13591-13601. doi: 10.1039/d4dt01309c.

Abstract

Here, we have synthesized and characterized three visible light responsive terpyridine based-Re(I)-tricarbonyl complexes; [Re(CO)3(ph-tpy)Cl] (Retp1), [Re(CO)3(an-tpy)Cl] (Retp2), and [Re(CO)3(py-tpy)Cl] (Retp3) where ph-tpy = 4'-phenyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine; an-tpy = 4'-anthracenyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine, py-tpy = 4'-pyrenyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine. The structures of Retp1 and Retp2 were confirmed from the SC-XRD data, indicating distorted octahedral structures. Unlike traditional PDT agents, these complexes generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) via type I and type II pathways and oxidized redox crucial NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) upon visible light exposure. Retp3 showed significant mitochondrial localization and demonstrated photoactivated anticancer activity (IC50 ∼ 2 µM) by inducing ROS-mediated cell death in cancer cells selectively (photocytotoxicity Index, PI > 28) upon compromising mitochondrial function in A549 cells. Their diagnostic capabilities were ultimately assessed using clinically relevant 3D multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTs).

MeSH terms

  • A549 Cells
  • Antineoplastic Agents* / chemical synthesis
  • Antineoplastic Agents* / chemistry
  • Antineoplastic Agents* / pharmacology
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • Cell Survival / drug effects
  • Coordination Complexes* / chemical synthesis
  • Coordination Complexes* / chemistry
  • Coordination Complexes* / pharmacology
  • Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
  • Humans
  • Light
  • Molecular Structure
  • NAD* / chemistry
  • NAD* / metabolism
  • Oxidation-Reduction*
  • Photochemotherapy
  • Photosensitizing Agents / chemical synthesis
  • Photosensitizing Agents / chemistry
  • Photosensitizing Agents / pharmacology
  • Pyridines* / chemistry
  • Pyridines* / pharmacology
  • Reactive Oxygen Species* / metabolism
  • Rhenium* / chemistry
  • Rhenium* / pharmacology

Substances

  • Reactive Oxygen Species
  • NAD
  • Pyridines
  • Coordination Complexes
  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Rhenium
  • Photosensitizing Agents