Non-invasive Neuromodulation of Arrhythmias

Abstract

The autonomic nervous system plays a central role in the pathogenesis of arrhythmias. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the therapeutic effect of neuromodulation at multiple anatomic targets across the neurocardiac axis for the treatment of arrhythmias. In this review, we discuss the rationale and clinical application of noninvasive neuromodulation techniques in treating arrhythmias and explore associated barriers and future directions, including optimization of stimulation parameters and patient selection.

Keywords: Arrhythmias; Atrial fibrillation; Autonomic modulation; Autonomic nervous system; Vagus nerve stimulation.