Patient perceptions of digital and therapist-led CBT for insomnia: A qualitative study

Behav Sleep Med. 2024 Nov-Dec;22(6):932-948. doi: 10.1080/15402002.2024.2386611. Epub 2024 Aug 3.

Abstract

Objectives: Technology has the potential to increase access to evidence-based insomnia treatment. Patient preferences/perceptions of automated digital cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia (CBTI) and telehealth-delivered CBTI remain largely unexplored among middle-aged and older adults. Using a qualitative approach, the current study describes patients' reasons for participating in the clinical trial, preferences for digital CBTI (dCBTI) versus therapist-led CBTI, patient attitudes toward dCBTI, and patient attitudes toward telehealth-delivered therapist-led CBTI.

Method: Middle-aged and older adults (N = 80) completed a semi-structured interview before CBTI exposure. Qualitative responses were coded, and themes were inductively extracted.

Results: Most (62.5%) of the participants expressed a preference for therapist-led CBTI to dCBTI. Convenience was the most commonly reported advantage of dCBTI (n = 55) and telehealth-delivered CBTI (n = 65). Decreasing transit time and pandemic-related health concerns were identified as advantages to dCBTI and telehealth-delivered CBTI. Lack of human connection and limited personalization were perceived as disadvantages of dCBTI. Only three participants reported technological barriers to dCBTI and telehealth-delivered CBTI.

Conclusion: Findings suggest that, despite an overall preference for therapist-led treatment, most middle-aged and older adults are open to dCBTI. As both dCBTI and telehealth-delivered CBTI are perceived as convenient, these modalities offer the potential to increase access to insomnia care.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy* / methods
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Patient Preference* / statistics & numerical data
  • Qualitative Research*
  • Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders* / therapy
  • Telemedicine*