Update of the Spanish clinical practice guideline for urinary tract infection in infants and children. Summary of recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

Abstract

The management of urinary tract infection (UTI) in infants and children has changed significantly over the past few decades based on scientific evidence that questioned the efficacy of strategies used to prevent kidney injury and subsequent progression to chronic kidney disease, which is very unlikely in most paediatric cases. However, there is still substantial heterogeneity in its management and uncertainty regarding the diagnosis, indication of imaging tests, treatment or follow-up in these patients. The Spanish clinical practice guideline has been updated through the review of the literature published since 2009 and a rigorous evaluation of current clinical practice aspects, taking into account the evidence on the benefits of each intervention in addition to its risks and drawbacks to attempt to provide more precise recommendations.

Keywords: Antibiotic prophylaxis; Children; Cistitis; Cystitis; Diagnostic criteria; Diagnóstico; Guidelines; Guía de práctica clínica; Infants; Infección urinaria; Niños; Pielonefritis; Profilaxis antibiótica; Pyelonephritis; Reflujo vesicoureteral; Tratamiento; Treatment; Urinary tract infection; Vesicoureteral reflux.