Awareness and Knowledge of Parents and Caregivers Regarding Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Jazan, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Ali Al-Makramani; Ali M Shawish; Ayman M Albarrati; Mohammed M Akkam; Nouf M Hakami; Rawan N Omar; Nouf M Oraibi; Atyaf M Mubaraky; Anisah M Humedi; Fuad A Sufyani; Alfdl A Khodh; Mohamed A Arishi; Nawal I Bahkali; Ibrahim A Mannaa; Anas E Ahmed

doi:10.7759/cureus.64297

Awareness and Knowledge of Parents and Caregivers Regarding Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Jazan, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Cureus. 2024 Jul 11;16(7):e64297. doi: 10.7759/cureus.64297. eCollection 2024 Jul.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU.
² College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU.
³ General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, NLD.
⁴ Faculty of Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, POL.
⁵ General Practice, King Fahad Central Hospital, Jazan, SAU.
⁶ General Practice, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU.
⁷ General Practice, Jazan General Hospital, Jazan, SAU.
⁸ Community Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU.

Abstract

Background Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (POSA) is a common sleep disorder that can cause major health problems if untreated. Parental knowledge and awareness are critical for early detection and management of POSA in children. This study sought to measure parents' and caregivers' knowledge and awareness of pediatric POSA in Jazan, Saudi Arabia, as well as to uncover sociodemographic correlates of knowledge levels. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. A structured survey was used to collect data on sociodemographic factors and knowledge of pediatric OSA. Data were examined using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results The study included 393 parents and caregivers, 36.4% of whom were in the 18-30 year age group. Most were Saudis (n=385; 98%), and 212 (53.9%) were men. Most parents (n=378; 96.2%) had limited knowledge of pediatric OSA. Significant knowledge gaps were observed in recognizing POSA symptoms, understanding its impact on children's academic performance, and their association with mental health issues. Internet and social networking sites were the most common sources of knowledge about POSA (n=131; 33.33%), followed by knowing someone with OSA (n=103; 26.21%). Parents with more than eight children had a significant association with more knowledge than those without children (adjusted OR = 10.661, 95% CI: 1.367-83.139, p = 0.024). Conclusion The study identified significant gaps in the recognition of POSA symptoms and understanding its impact on their children's academic performance and mental health. Despite their limited knowledge, parents were receptive to early intervention for POSA. The study suggests that parents with more children had better knowledge of POSA, indicating that experiential learning may contribute to their understanding. The study recommends developing and assessing targeted education and awareness programs for parents, healthcare providers, and the public to improve POSA diagnosis, care, and outcomes.

Keywords: awareness; jazan; parental knowledge; pediatric obstructive sleep apnea; saudi arabia.