What is known • Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is widely used for autoimmune disorders but is associated with the risk of retinal toxicity. • Early detection of retinal structural changes due to HCQ toxicity remains challenging, and cumulative HCQ dose as a risk factor has conflicting clinical relevance. What Is New • Higher cumulative HCQ doses are significantly associated with thinner outer retinal layers (foveal, parafoveal, and perifoveal regions). • No significant associations were found between HCQ cumulative dose and inner retinal thickness or age.
Keywords: Biomarker; Cumulative dose; Hydroxychloroquine; Optical coherence tomography; Retinopathy.
© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.