A Rare Case of an Adult with Spinal Cord Injury Without Neuroimaging Abnormality (SCIWONA)

Abstract

Background: Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA) is defined as having clinical symptoms of traumatic myelopathy with no radiographic or computed tomographic features of spinal fracture or instability. An abnormal finding, such as a fracture, subluxation, or abnormal intersegmental motion at the level of the spinal cord injury, excludes SCIWORA as the diagnosis. Prevalence of SCIWORA is highest among children younger than 8 years, and is a diagnosis seen primarily in children, owing to anatomic differences that put children at more risk of this condition. In more recent years, with the increasing use of magnetic resonance imaging in patients with suspected spinal cord injury, a new term, spinal cord injury without neuroimaging abnormality (SCIWONA) has been suggested as a more specific way to describe cases of SCIWORA that have negative neuroimaging.

Case report: Here we describe a case of a woman who presented with symptoms consistent with a spinal cord injury after a traumatic fall. Her presentation and imaging were consistent with SCIWONA. The patient subsequently had rapid and complete recovery of her neurologic function. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Early recognition of SCIWONA and subsequent medical management is imperative for improved outcomes for these patients. Operative treatment is rare and typically only necessary in patients with consistent spinal cord instability.

Keywords: SCIWONA; SCIWORA; imaging; radiology; spinal cord injury; spinal cord injury without neuroimaging abnormality; spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality; trauma.