This study aimed to investigate whether plaque characteristics derived from intravascular optical coherence tomography (IVOCT) could predict a long-term cardiovascular (CV) death. This study was a single-center, retrospective study on 104 patients who had undergone IVOCT-guided percutaneous coronary intervention. Plaque characterization was performed using Optical Coherence TOmography PlaqUe and Stent (OCTOPUS) software developed by our group. A total of 31 plaque features, including lesion length, lumen, calcium, fibrous cap (FC), and vulnerable plaque features (e.g., microchannel), were computed from the baseline IVOCT images. The discriminatory power for predicting CV death was determined using univariate/multivariate logistic regressions. Of 104 patients, CV death was identified in 24 patients (23.1%). Univariate logistic regression revealed that lesion length, calcium angle, calcium thickness, FC angle, FC area, and FC surface area were significantly associated with CV death (p < 0.05). In the multivariate logistic analysis, only the FC surface area (OR 2.38, CI 0.98-5.83, p < 0.05) was identified as a significant determinant for CV death, highlighting the importance of the 3D lesion analysis. The AUC of FC surface area for predicting CV death was 0.851 (95% CI 0.800-0.927, p < 0.05). Patients with CV death had distinct plaque characteristics (i.e., large FC surface area) in IVOCT. Studies such as this one might someday lead to recommendations for pharmaceutical and interventional approaches.
Keywords: OCTOPUS; cardiovascular death; fibrous cap surface area; intravascular optical coherence tomography; plaque characteristics.