Constructing Mechanochromic Fluorescent Interphase via Core-Shell Microcapsules: A Route for Interface Reinforcing and Damage Self-Reporting of CFRP Composites

Macromol Rapid Commun. 2024 Nov;45(21):e2400430. doi: 10.1002/marc.202400430. Epub 2024 Aug 31.

Abstract

Perylenediimide-chitosan/γ-poly (glutamic acid) microcapsules sizing (PDI-CS/γ-PGA) core-shell microcapsule is designed and used to establish a novel interphase in carbon fiber/epoxy (CF/EP) composite, and the interfacial property, as well as the damage self-reporting of the composite, is compared with desized carbon fiber (CF-desized)/EP and commercial carbon fiber (CF-COM)/EP composite. The ruptured PDI-CS/γ-PGA microcapsule exhibits strong "turn-on" green fluorescence from the released PDI upon mechanical stimuli. The anchoring of PDI-CS/γ-PGA microcapsule on carbon fiber with PDI-CS/γ-PGA microcapsules sizing (CF@PDI-CS/γ-PGA) surface results in increased chemical activity and roughness, exhibiting a weak green fluorescence signal instead of non-fluorescence on CF-desized and CF-COM surface. The transverse fiber bundle tensile (TFBT) strength of CF@PDI-CS/γ-PGA composite is 80.97% and 31.09% higher than those of CF-desized/EP and CF-COM/EP composite, which is attributed to the mechanical interlocking and chemical bonding interaction between carbon fiber and epoxy matrix by introducing PDI-CS/γ-PGA microcapsule with spherular structure and active groups. After microdroplet testing, the strong "turn-on" green fluorescence signal of the released PDI from the microcapsules is detected in the interfacial debonding regions, realizing the microscopic damage self-reporting of CF@PDI-CS/γ-PGA composite.

Keywords: carbon fiber composites; damage self‐reporting; interfacial property; mechanochromic; microcapsules.

MeSH terms

  • Capsules* / chemistry
  • Carbon Fiber* / chemistry
  • Chitosan* / chemistry
  • Epoxy Compounds / chemistry
  • Fluorescence
  • Fluorescent Dyes / chemistry
  • Particle Size
  • Perylene / analogs & derivatives
  • Perylene / chemistry
  • Polyglutamic Acid* / analogs & derivatives
  • Polyglutamic Acid* / chemistry
  • Surface Properties

Substances

  • Capsules
  • Chitosan
  • Polyglutamic Acid
  • Carbon Fiber
  • poly(gamma-glutamic acid)
  • Perylene
  • Epoxy Compounds
  • Fluorescent Dyes