Survival Outcomes of Cytoreductive Surgery with HIPEC in Gastric Adenocarcinoma: A National Cancer Database Study

Ann Surg Oncol. 2024 Dec;31(13):8549-8559. doi: 10.1245/s10434-024-16142-7. Epub 2024 Sep 5.

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to assess the impact of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) on the survival outcomes for patients with gastric cancer and peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC).

Methods: A retrospective analysis of the National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2020 identified patients with topography and histology codes consistent with gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent CRS/HIPEC. The exclusion criteria ruled out known other distant metastasis and missing key data. The study compared the CRS/HIPEC group with patients who had stage IV disease (with the same exclusions for distant metastases) and received systemic chemotherapy but no surgery to the primary site.

Results: The study included 148 patients who underwent CRS/HIPEC. Their median age was 57 years (interquartile range [IQR], 47-66 years), with 57.4% of the patients identifying as male and 73.6% identifying as white. Most of the CRS/HIPEC patients had locally advanced disease, with 33.8% having pT4 disease and 23% patients having pN3 status. The Charlson-Deyo scores were 0 for 77% and 1 for 16.9% of the patients. The overall survival (OS) among the stage IV patients managed with CRS/HIPEC was significantly longer than for the patients receiving only systemic chemotherapy (median survival, 18.1 vs 9.3 months; p < 0.001), and the 1-year OS was 72.6% versus 38.8% (p < 0.05)). Among the stage IV patients, CRS/HIPEC showed better survival than systemic chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR], 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44-0.73; p < .001) when control was used for the Charlson Deyo score, histology, age, and sex.

Conclusions: These results suggest the association of CRS/HIPEC with improved survival for selected patients with gastric adenocarcinoma and peritoneal disease. Some of this difference may have been due to selection bias, but the differences in the survival curves are robust.

Keywords: Carcinomatosis; Cytoreductive surgery; Gastric cancer; HIPEC; Peritoneal metastasis.

MeSH terms

  • Adenocarcinoma* / mortality
  • Adenocarcinoma* / pathology
  • Adenocarcinoma* / therapy
  • Aged
  • Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use
  • Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion / mortality
  • Combined Modality Therapy
  • Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures* / mortality
  • Databases, Factual*
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Peritoneal Neoplasms* / mortality
  • Peritoneal Neoplasms* / secondary
  • Peritoneal Neoplasms* / therapy
  • Prognosis
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Stomach Neoplasms* / mortality
  • Stomach Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Stomach Neoplasms* / therapy
  • Survival Rate