Comparison of PSMA immunohistochemistry scoring systems to parametric [18F]PSMA-1007 PET/MRI in primary prostate cancer

Niloefar Ahmadi Bidakhvidi; Thomas Gevaert; Maxim De Schepper; Marcella Baldewijns; Enrique Havinga; Wies Deckers; Annouschka Laenen; Gaëtan Devos; Alexander Giesen; Steven Joniau; Michel Koole; Wouter Everaerts; Christophe M Deroose; Karolien Goffin

doi:10.1007/s00259-024-06903-7

Comparison of PSMA immunohistochemistry scoring systems to parametric [¹⁸F]PSMA-1007 PET/MRI in primary prostate cancer

Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2024 Sep 13. doi: 10.1007/s00259-024-06903-7. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Niloefar Ahmadi Bidakhvidi^{1

2}, Thomas Gevaert³, Maxim De Schepper⁴, Marcella Baldewijns⁴, Enrique Havinga⁵, Wies Deckers¹, Annouschka Laenen⁶, Gaëtan Devos^{3

7}, Alexander Giesen^{3

7}, Steven Joniau^{3

7}, Michel Koole^{1

2}, Wouter Everaerts^{7

8}, Christophe M Deroose^{1

2}, Karolien Goffin^{9

10}

Affiliations

¹ Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
² Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
³ Urogenital, Abdominal and Plastic Surgery, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
⁴ Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
⁵ Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
⁶ Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Leuven, Belgium.
⁷ Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
⁸ Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
⁹ Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. karolien.goffin@uzleuven.be.
¹⁰ Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. karolien.goffin@uzleuven.be.

PMID: 39269656
DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06903-7

Abstract

Purpose: Quantification of PSMA expression via PSMA PET is well-established, however quantification of PSMA via immunohistochemistry (IHC) is not standardized. Our aim was to determine the most optimal PSMA IHC scoring system to quantify PSMA expression with PSMA PET as reference standard.

Methods: Primary intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer patients received an [¹⁸F]PSMA-1007 PET/MRI followed by radical prostatectomy. SUV_max, SUV_mean and K_i of the prostate tumor was determined. Prostate tumors were stained with anti-PSMA antibodies and scored by 2 readers via 10 IHC scoring systems: histochemical score (H-score), immunoreactivity score_{predominant intensity} (IRS_{predominant intensity}), IRS classification_{predominant intensity}, IRS_{mean intensity}, IRS classification_{mean intensity}, Allred score, predominant expression pattern, Shannon diversity index (SDI), percentage negatively stained cells and total percentage positively stained cells. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients (ρ) were calculated between PET parameters and IHC scoring systems. Interreader agreement for the IHC scoring systems was measured by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results: Fifty tumors in 46 patients were analysed. H-score had the best correlation with SUV_max (ρ 0.615 p < 0.0001) and SUV_mean (ρ 0.570, p < 0.0001) and the second best correlation with K_i (ρ 0.411, p = 0.0030). SDI had the best correlation with K_i (ρ -0.440, p = 0.0014) and the second best correlation with SUV_max (ρ -0.516, p = 0.0001) and SUV_mean (ρ -0.490, p = 0.0003). A moderate interreader agreement was observed for H-score (ICC 0.663, 95% CI 0.495-0.797) and SDI (ICC 0.546, 95% CI 0.354-0.725).

Conclusion: H-score had the best correlation with PSMA PET quantification and an acceptable interreader agreement. Therefore, we deem H-score the most optimal PSMA IHC scoring system.

Keywords: PET/MR; PSMA PET; PSMA immunohistochemistry; Parametric PET; Primary prostate cancer.

Grants and funding

IWT.140193/Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie