Changes in physical activity among Canadian adults more than 6 months into the COVID-19 pandemic: a secondary analysis of the INTERACT cohort study

Shelby Sturrock; Dionne Gesink; Meghan Winters; Yan Kestens; Kevin Stanley; Rahim Moineddin; Sarah Woodruff; Daniel Fuller

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081583

Changes in physical activity among Canadian adults more than 6 months into the COVID-19 pandemic: a secondary analysis of the INTERACT cohort study

BMJ Open. 2024 Sep 20;14(9):e081583. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081583.

Authors

Shelby Sturrock¹, Dionne Gesink², Meghan Winters³, Yan Kestens⁴, Kevin Stanley⁵, Rahim Moineddin⁶, Sarah Woodruff⁷, Daniel Fuller⁸

Affiliations

¹ Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada shelby.sturrock@mail.utoronto.ca.
² Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
³ Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
⁴ School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
⁵ Department of Computer Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
⁶ Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
⁷ Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
⁸ Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.

Abstract

Objective: To estimate the effect of (a) the COVID-19 pandemic and (b) COVID-19 restriction stringency on daily minutes of device-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA).

Design: Physical activity data were collected from the INTerventions, Equity, Research and Action in Cities Team (INTERACT) cohorts in Montreal, Saskatoon and Vancouver before (May 2018 to February 2019, 'phase 1') and during the pandemic (October 2020 to February 2021, 'phase 2'). We estimated the effect of the two exposures by comparing daily MVPA measured (a) before vs during the pandemic (phase 1 vs phase 2) and (b) at different levels of COVID-19 restriction stringency during phase 2. Separate mixed effects negative binomial regression models were used to estimate the association between each exposure and daily MVPA, with and without controlling for confounders. Analyses were conducted on person-days with at least 600 min of wear time. Effect modification by gender, age, income, employment status, education, children in the home and city was assessed via stratification.

Setting: Montreal (Quebec), Saskatoon (Saskatchewan) and Vancouver (British Columbia), Canada.

Main outcome measure: Daily minutes of MVPA, as measured using SenseDoc, a research-grade accelerometer device.

Results: Daily minutes of MVPA were 21% lower in phase 2 (October 2020 to February 2021) compared with phase 1 (May 2018 to February 2019), controlling for gender, age, employment status, household income, education, city, weather and wear time (rate ratio=0.79, 95% CI 0.69, 0.92). This did not appear to be driven by changes in the sample or timing of data collection between phases. The results suggested effect modification by employment, household income and education. Restriction stringency was not associated with daily MVPA between October 2020 and February 2021 (adjusted rate ratio=0.99, 95% CI 0.96, 1.03).

Conclusions: Between October 2020 and February 2021, daily minutes of MVPA were significantly lower than 2 years prior, but were not associated with daily COVID-19 restriction stringency.

Keywords: behavior; epidemiology; public health.

MeSH terms

Accelerometry
Adult
Aged
COVID-19* / epidemiology
Canada / epidemiology
Cohort Studies
Exercise*
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Pandemics
SARS-CoV-2*
Young Adult