Pediatric Firearm Deaths and State Policies on Social, Emotional, and Academic Development

Justin S Hatchimonji; Diane N Haddad; Dane R Scantling; Elinore J Kaufman; Danielle R Hatchimonji

doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000006542

Pediatric Firearm Deaths and State Policies on Social, Emotional, and Academic Development

Ann Surg. 2024 Sep 23. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000006542. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Justin S Hatchimonji¹, Diane N Haddad¹, Dane R Scantling², Elinore J Kaufman³, Danielle R Hatchimonji⁴

Affiliations

¹ Section of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL.
² Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA.
³ Division of Traumatology, Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
⁴ Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, DE.

PMID: 39311628
DOI: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000006542

Abstract

Objective: To determine whether state-level SEAD policies are associated with pediatric firearm homicides and suicides.

Summary background data: Firearm deaths continue to rise among United States (US) children. School-based efforts to promote social, emotional, and academic development (SEAD) may be a means to reduce such deaths, but state-level policies vary and the effect on firearm deaths is unknown.

Methods: We used Education Trust data regarding state-level SEAD policies, averaging 6 domains to create a cumulative score and investigating each domain individually. The primary outcomes were pediatric firearm homicides and suicides, using covariates from the American Community Survey and State Firearm Laws database. We mapped SEAD policies and pediatric death rates. Poisson regression was used to investigate associations between SEAD policies and pediatric firearm deaths.

Results: Annual statewide pediatric firearm deaths ranged from 0.85 to 7.81 per 100,000; homicides from 0.64 to 5.69, and suicides from 0.21 to 4.75. Univariate analyses demonstrated associations between SEAD scores and both homicides (P=0.003) and suicides (P=0.032), but these were nonsignificant after adjustment. Professional Development and Engagement policies were associated with lower rates of pediatric firearm homicides after adjustment (IRR=0.33, P=0.004 and IRR=0.46, P=0.014, respectively). There was no significant association between any domain and pediatric firearm suicide.

Conclusion: Professional Development and Student, Family and Community Engagement policies are associated with lower rates of pediatric firearm homicides, however, there was no significant association between pediatric firearm deaths and summary SEAD measures after adjustment. Certain SEAD policies may be helpful in decreasing pediatric firearm deaths.