Topiramate-induced acute eosinophilic pneumonia

BMJ Case Rep. 2024 Sep 26;17(9):e261220. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2024-261220.

Abstract

A man in his 40s with a known history of alcohol dependence syndrome was admitted with presenting symptoms of alcohol withdrawal. During his admission, he developed breathlessness, cough and wheezing. Investigations revealed raised absolute eosinophil count and serum IgE levels. Chest imaging showed ill-defined opacities and fibreoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage confirmed eosinophilic pneumonia. Extensive workup for the cause of eosinophilia was negative. The patient's medicines were reviewed, and it was realised that the onset of eosinophilia occurred after starting topiramate for an alcohol withdrawal seizure. The drug was stopped, leading to the complete resolution of symptoms and radiological abnormalities. This case highlights the importance of considering drug-induced causes of eosinophilic pneumonia.

Keywords: Drugs: respiratory system; Interstitial lung disease.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Acute Disease
  • Adult
  • Alcoholism / complications
  • Alcoholism / drug therapy
  • Anticonvulsants* / adverse effects
  • Fructose* / adverse effects
  • Fructose* / analogs & derivatives
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Pulmonary Eosinophilia* / chemically induced
  • Pulmonary Eosinophilia* / diagnosis
  • Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
  • Topiramate* / adverse effects

Substances

  • Topiramate
  • Anticonvulsants
  • Fructose