Recently, pyrene-based covalent organic frameworks (PyCOFs) have aroused great interest because the large planar structure of the pyrene unit could effectively enhance the interlayer π-π interaction and promote the separation and migration of carriers, significantly improving the crystallinity and photoelectrical properties of PyCOFs. Since the first PyCOF-containing boroxate linkage was reported in 2008 by the Yaghi group, many PyCOFs with different kinds of linkages have been reported, exhibiting great potential applications in different fields such as adsorption/separation, chemical sensing, catalysis, energy storage, etc. However, as far as we know, the reviews related to PyCOFs are rare, although PyCOFs have been widely reported to show promising applications. Thus, it is right time and important for us to systematically summarize the research advance in PyCOFs, including the synthesis with different linkages and applications. Moreover, the prospects and obstacles facing the development of PyCOFs are discussed. We hope that this review will provide new insights into PyCOFs that can be explored for more attractive functions or applications.