Editorial: New approach methods in immunology

Front Immunol. 2024 Sep 18:15:1488534. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1488534. eCollection 2024.

Thomas Hartung^{1

2}, Jeffrey John Bajramovic³, Susan Gibbs^{4

5}, Emanuela Corsini⁶

¹ Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Doerenkamp-Zbinden-Chair for Evidence-based Toxicology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.
² Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT)-Europe, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
³ 3Rs Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
⁴ Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Infection & Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
⁵ Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
⁶ Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.

No abstract available

Keywords: alternatives to animal testing; artificial intelligence; cell culture; microphysiological system (MPS); new approach methods (NAM).

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