High-intensity exercise alongside insulin alleviates muscle atrophy in type 1 diabetes mellitus concomitant with modulation of mitophagy-related proteins in skeletal muscle

Manal Moustafa Mahmoud; Nahed Qutb Abdel Hameed; Basant Adel Al Dreny Abd Al Latef; Samaa Samir Kamar; Laila Ahmed Rashed; Sarah Ali Abdelhameed Gouda

doi:10.1080/13813455.2024.2410791

High-intensity exercise alongside insulin alleviates muscle atrophy in type 1 diabetes mellitus concomitant with modulation of mitophagy-related proteins in skeletal muscle

Arch Physiol Biochem. 2024 Oct 9:1-13. doi: 10.1080/13813455.2024.2410791. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Manal Moustafa Mahmoud¹, Nahed Qutb Abdel Hameed¹, Basant Adel Al Dreny Abd Al Latef¹, Samaa Samir Kamar^{2

3}, Laila Ahmed Rashed⁴, Sarah Ali Abdelhameed Gouda¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
² Histology department, Faculty of Medicine- Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
³ Histology department, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt.
⁴ Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

PMID: 39382178
DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2024.2410791

Abstract

Background: Diabetes patients' quality of life can be severely impacted by diabetic muscle atrophy.Aim: This study aimed to explore the impact of high-intensity exercise (HIE) alongside insulin treatment on muscle atrophy in a rat model of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).Methodology: Fifty rats were allocated into five groups; Group 1, control sedentary (CS), T1DM was elicited in the rest of the groups by giving them Streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg), where group 2 (DS) remained sedentary, while groups 3,4,5 were treated with insulin after induction of diabetes. Group 4 (DI+MIE) and 5 (DI+ HIE) underwent moderate and high-intensity exercise, respectively.Results: HIE for 14 days combined with insulin treatment significantly restored muscle strength and mass with a significant modification in the mitophagy-related proteins and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF 21) compared to other treated groups.Conclusion: This study concluded that there is a therapeutic role for HIE with insulin against T1DM-induced muscle atrophy.

Keywords: FGF 21; Type 1 DM; high-intensity exercise; mitophagy; muscle atrophy.

Plain language summary

T1DM induces loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength.T1DM enhances muscle atrophy-related genes (MAFbx and MuRF1) and impairs mitochondrial function.HIE alongside insulin treatment restores muscle mass, strength, and histological architecture in T1DM-induced muscle atrophy model.HIE alongside insulin treatment over MIE moderated the mitochondrial dysfunction via modulation of the mitophagy-related mediators (BNIP3, Parkin, P62, and LC3II/LC3I) and FGF 21 expression.