Prospective In Vivo Confocal Microscopy of the Central Cornea in Terrien Marginal Degeneration

Abstract

Purpose: To analyze central corneal in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) in Terrien marginal degeneration (TMD).

Methods: An observational prospective case-control study. Ten Finnish patients with TMD from a tertiary referral center were compared with 10 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Seven patients had bilateral TMD. Age, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, extent of thinning in clock hours, grade of microdots, and stage of TMD were analyzed.

Results: According to Süveges and Wang classification, the median stage of TMD was 2 (range, 2-3) and 2 (range, 2-6), respectively. Twelve (71%) of 17 eyes with clinical TMD showed corneal thinning at all clock hours. The median age at the time of examination was 70 years (range, 28-81), and the median time from diagnosis 8.8 years (range, 6.0-15.2). By IVCM, the epithelium, subepithelial nerve plexus, and endothelium were intact in all eyes. The anterior stroma showed bilateral hyperreflective dots in the central cornea beneath the subepithelial nerve plexus in all eyes, and larger patches were detected in the posterior stroma anterior to Descemet membrane; both were invisible by anterior segment optical coherence tomography. As compared with controls, the grade of anterior microdots increased faster with age before the age of 65, and that of posterior stromal patches was higher. Two patients additionally had bilateral hyperreflective needle-like deposits in the anterior and midstroma.

Conclusions: By IVCM, TMD is characterized regardless of clinical laterality by bilateral microdots in the central corneal stroma. They might be a supporting diagnostic criterion and alone could suggest subclinical disease.