Call to Action: How Can We Promote the Development of New Pharmacologic Treatments in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease?

Affiliations

• ¹ Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
• ² Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.
• ³ Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.
• ⁴ Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
• ⁵ National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
• ⁶ Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
• ⁷ Section of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
• ⁸ Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky.
• ⁹ Pulmonology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
• ¹⁰ Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
• ¹¹ Pulmonary Division, University Hospital of Caracas, Central University of Venezuela, and Medical Center of Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela.
• ¹² Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
• ¹³ Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom.
• ¹⁴ Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; and.
• ¹⁵ Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.