Trends in SARS-CoV-2-related pediatric hospitalizations reported to the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program, March 2020 to December 2022

Diane Lee; Erin McGill; Linda Pelude; Robyn Mitchell; Jeannette L Comeau; Charles Frenette; Bonita E Lee; Marie-Astrid Lefebvre; Jocelyn A Srigley; Nisha Thampi

doi:10.1017/ash.2024.427

Trends in SARS-CoV-2-related pediatric hospitalizations reported to the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program, March 2020 to December 2022

Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol. 2024 Oct 17;4(1):e175. doi: 10.1017/ash.2024.427. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Centre for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
² Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
³ Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.
⁴ Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
⁵ Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.
⁶ Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Children's and BC Women's Hospitals, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
⁷ Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada.

Abstract

Objective: This study describes trends in COVID-19 hospitalizations and healthcare-associated (HA) COVID-19 in Canada among pediatric (age <18 years) patients during pre-Omicron and Omicron-dominant periods.

Design: Prospective surveillance for COVID-19 infection.

Setting: The Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program is a sentinel surveillance system with 45 hospitals providing COVID-19 data on pediatric patients, including all 13 pediatric tertiary care facilities in Canada.

Patients: Pediatric patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 at a participating hospital between March 1, 2020, and December 31, 2022.

Methods: Analyzed case-level data on pediatric patients with COVID-19, including demographics, acquisition source, and outcomes.

Results: Among 5,143 pediatric cases, the majority (81%) were reported during the Omicron-dominant period (beginning December 26, 2021). However, a lower proportion required intensive care during the Omicron wave (11% vs 14%, P < 0.05); no difference in mortality was observed. Of those patients admitted to hospital due to COVID-19 (n = 2,700), 45% had at least one pre-existing comorbidity. The majority (90%) of patients with HA-COVID-19 were reported during the Omicron period. There was no difference in mortality between patients with HA and community-associated (CA) infection, although a greater proportion of CA infections led to intensive care unit admission (6% vs 13%, P < 0.01).

Conclusions: Surveillance findings indicate that both HA- and CA-COVID-19 hospitalizations in Canada increased among pediatric patients following the emergence of the Omicron variant, although disease severity decreased. Pre-existing health conditions were common among pediatric patients hospitalized with COVID-19, highlighting the importance of preventing severe illness in this sub-population.