Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease which can present with mixed organ involvement. Kidney involvement in lupus nephritis (LN) is a severe complication and major cause of mortality in SLE patients, second only to cardiovascular disease. While mouse models have helped uncover some molecular pathways involved in SLE/LN, we need a better understanding of the connection of these pathways and the immune cells involved in disease pathogenesis to develop new and effective therapies. Furthermore, models used for studying SLE/LN in mice have a heterogeneous immune response and may not always represent disease manifestations observed in patients. Identifying models that have shared pathways with human disease would allow for better translation for developing effective SLE/LN therapies. The molecular pathways of five different SLE/LN models (MRL/lpr, poly (I:C)-induced, interferon-α-induced, bm12 GvHD, and spontaneous NZB/W F1) were compared to characterize the immune response in mouse kidneys. These models demonstrated varied magnitudes in immune responses and proportions of innate vs. adaptive cell involvement. These findings were compared to human molecular pathways and cell types from public databases, including the Accelerating Medicine Partnership-Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Program (AMP-SLE), to help corelate mechanisms involved in mouse models to human disease.
Keywords: differentially expressed genes; lupus; mouse models; mouse-to-human translation; scRNA-seq.