Tumor derived cell-free nucleic acid upregulates programmed death-ligand 1 expression in neutrophil via intracellular Toll-like receptor signaling

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
• ² Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City Univeristy, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
• ³ Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
• ⁴ Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
• ⁵ Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.