Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract: A Continuum of Care

Bärbel Lange-Sperandio; Hans-Joachim Anders; Maximilian Stehr; Robert L Chevalier; Richard Klaus

doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2023.151433

Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract: A Continuum of Care

Semin Nephrol. 2023 Oct 27:151433. doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2023.151433. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Bärbel Lange-Sperandio¹, Hans-Joachim Anders², Maximilian Stehr³, Robert L Chevalier⁴, Richard Klaus⁵

Affiliations

¹ Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany. Electronic address: baerbel.lange-sperandio@med.uni-muenchen.de.
² Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany.
³ Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, Cnopfsche Kinderklinik, Nuremberg, Germany.
⁴ Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.
⁵ Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.

PMID: 39492016
DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2023.151433

Abstract

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are the leading cause of kidney failure in children and adolescents. CAKUT describes a wide spectrum of structural disorders with a prenatal origin. The etiology of CAKUT is multifactorial, including environmental, nongenetic, and genetic causes that impact kidney development as well as upper and lower urinary tract development. Adult nephrologists who treat patients with CAKUT may be challenged by the underlying diseases they are not familiar with and the accumulation of chronic kidney disease complications in childhood. This article discusses CAKUT etiology and presentation, the course during childhood and adolescence, as well as adult issues in CAKUT patients including CKD complications, urologic interventions, and genetic counseling. A smooth transition of CAKUT patients from pediatric to adult care can be challenging. Semin Nephrol 43:x-xx © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Keywords: CAKUT; chronic kidney disease; end-stage kidney disease.

Publication types

Review