Organoids and organoid extracellular vesicles-based disease treatment strategies

Guangyin Zhou; Ruiyang Li; Shihao Sheng; Jingtao Huang; Fengjin Zhou; Yan Wei; Han Liu; Jiacan Su

doi:10.1186/s12951-024-02917-3

Organoids and organoid extracellular vesicles-based disease treatment strategies

J Nanobiotechnology. 2024 Nov 6;22(1):679. doi: 10.1186/s12951-024-02917-3.

Authors

Guangyin Zhou^#^{1

2

3}, Ruiyang Li^#^{2

4}, Shihao Sheng^#⁴, Jingtao Huang^#⁵, Fengjin Zhou⁶, Yan Wei^{7

8

9}, Han Liu^{10

11

12

13}, Jiacan Su^{14

15

16

17}

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
² Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
³ National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
⁴ Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
⁵ Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai, 200444, China.
⁶ Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710000, China. xarcsh@164.com.
⁷ Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China. ywei@shu.edu.cn.
⁸ Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China. ywei@shu.edu.cn.
⁹ National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China. ywei@shu.edu.cn.
¹⁰ Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China. liuhanqiu@shu.edu.cn.
¹¹ Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China. liuhanqiu@shu.edu.cn.
¹² National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China. liuhanqiu@shu.edu.cn.
¹³ Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China. liuhanqiu@shu.edu.cn.
¹⁴ Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China. drsujiacan@163.com.
¹⁵ Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China. drsujiacan@163.com.
¹⁶ National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China. drsujiacan@163.com.
¹⁷ Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China. drsujiacan@163.com.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Organoids are "mini-organs" that self-organize and differentiate from stem cells under in vitro 3D culture conditions, mimicking the spatial structure and function of tissues in vivo. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale phospholipid bilayer vesicles secreted by living cells, rich in bioactive molecules, with excellent biocompatibility and low immunogenicity. Compared to EVs, organoid-derived EVs (OEVs) exhibit higher yield and enhanced biological functions. Organoids possess stem cell characteristics, and OEVs are capable of delivering active substances, making both highly promising for medical applications. In this review, we provide an overview of the fundamental biological principles of organoids and OEVs, and discuss their current applications in disease treatment. We then focus on the differences between OEVs and traditional EVs. Subsequently, we present methods for the engineering modification of OEVs. Finally, we critically summarize the advantages and challenges of organoids and OEVs. In conclusion, we believe that a deeper understanding of organoids and OEVs will provide innovative solutions to complex diseases.

Keywords: Disease treatment; Engineering modification; Extracellular vesicles; Organoids; Organoids extracellular vesicles.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Animals
Drug Delivery Systems / methods
Extracellular Vesicles* / metabolism
Humans
Organoids* / metabolism
Stem Cells / cytology

Abstract

Publication types

MeSH terms

Grants and funding