Biocompatibility and antibacterial properties of medical stainless steel and titanium modified by alumina and hafnia films prepared by atomic layer deposition

J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2024 Nov 12;35(1):68. doi: 10.1007/s10856-024-06841-8.

Abstract

New methods for producing surfaces with suitable biocompatible properties are desirable due to increasing demands for biomedical devices. Stainless steel 316 L and cp- titanium specimens were coated with thin films of alumina and hafnia deposited using the atomic layer deposition method at two temperatures, 180 and 260 °C. The morphology of the films was analysed using scanning electron microscopy, and their surface energies were determined based on drop contact angle measurements. Biocompatibility assays performed using mesenchymal stem cells were evaluated by incubating the specimens and then exposing their extracts to the cells or directly seeding cells on the specimen surfaces. No detrimental effect was noticed for any of the specimens. Antibacterial properties were tested by directly incubating the specimens with the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. Overall, our data show that all prepared films were biocompatible. Alumina films deposited on cp-titanium at 260 °C outperform the other prepared and tested surfaces regarding antiadhesive properties, which could be related to their low surface energy.

MeSH terms

  • Aluminum Oxide* / chemistry
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents* / chemistry
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents* / pharmacology
  • Bacterial Adhesion / drug effects
  • Biocompatible Materials / chemistry
  • Coated Materials, Biocompatible* / chemistry
  • Coated Materials, Biocompatible* / pharmacology
  • Humans
  • Materials Testing*
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cells*
  • Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
  • Stainless Steel* / chemistry
  • Staphylococcus aureus* / drug effects
  • Surface Properties*
  • Titanium* / chemistry

Substances

  • Titanium
  • Stainless Steel
  • Aluminum Oxide
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Coated Materials, Biocompatible
  • Biocompatible Materials