The prevalence of sleep disorders in Iranian adults - an epidemiological study

Habibolah Khazaie; Amir Jalali; Amirhossein Khazaie; Reza Mohammadi; Romina Jalali; Sobhan Bagheri Moheb; Mirfarhad Ghalebandi; Fatemeh Kashaninasab; Ali Ghaleiha; Mohammadreza Shalbafan; Seyed Mojtaba Yassini Ardekani; Azad Maroufi; Ebrahim Ezzati; Seyed Ali Dastgheib; Mohammadreza Fayyazi Bordbar; Mahboobeh Khoozan; Saeedeh Negahban; Seyed Abolfazl Ghoreishi; Farzin Rezaei; Koresh Saki; Ali Jalali; Yahya Salimi; Mohammad Raza Khodaie Ardakan

doi:10.1186/s12889-024-20602-w

The prevalence of sleep disorders in Iranian adults - an epidemiological study

BMC Public Health. 2024 Nov 12;24(1):3141. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-20602-w.

Authors

Habibolah Khazaie¹, Amir Jalali², Amirhossein Khazaie¹, Reza Mohammadi¹, Romina Jalali¹, Sobhan Bagheri Moheb³, Mirfarhad Ghalebandi⁴, Fatemeh Kashaninasab⁵, Ali Ghaleiha⁶, Mohammadreza Shalbafan⁷, Seyed Mojtaba Yassini Ardekani⁸, Azad Maroufi⁹, Ebrahim Ezzati¹⁰, Seyed Ali Dastgheib¹¹, Mohammadreza Fayyazi Bordbar¹², Mahboobeh Khoozan¹³, Saeedeh Negahban¹, Seyed Abolfazl Ghoreishi¹⁴, Farzin Rezaei¹⁵, Koresh Saki¹⁶, Ali Jalali³, Yahya Salimi¹⁷, Mohammad Raza Khodaie Ardakan¹⁸

Affiliations

¹ Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
² Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. jalali_amir@yahoo.com.
³ Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
⁴ Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁵ Department of Psychiatry, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
⁶ Behavioural Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
⁷ Mental Health Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Psychosocial Health Research Institute (PHRI), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁸ Research Center of Addiction and Behavioural Sciences, Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
⁹ Neurosciences Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
¹⁰ Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Paramedical, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
¹¹ Research Center for Psychiatry and Behaviour Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
¹² Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
¹³ Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
¹⁴ Research Center of Social Factors Affecting Health, Department of Psychiatry, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
¹⁵ Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
¹⁶ Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
¹⁷ Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
¹⁸ Department of Psychiatry, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Background: Sleep disorders can be harmful to our health and treating them can also be expensive. Due to the widespread occurrence and impact of sleep disorders, it is valuable to investigate and study them from an epidemiological perspective. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of sleep disorders among Iranian adults in 2022.

Method: This is a cross-sectional study that examines the prevalence of sleep disorders and problems in Iranian society. The participants were selected using a mixed sampling approach (utilizing virtual space and cluster sampling). A two-part package was used for evaluating participants sleep problems, which included a demographic profile form and the Holland Sleep Disorders Questionnaire. After collecting the data, appropriate statistical tests in SPSS version 25 were utilized for analysis.

Results: A total of 6013 questionnaires were fully filled out for this research, with participants answering the specific questions. The participants' score on sleep disorders was 1.94, which means 44.1% of them suffer from sleep disorders. The results indicated that the prevalence of sleep disorders in this study was as follows: insomnia (35%), parasomnia (35.3%), circadian rhythm sleep disorder (38.4%), hypersomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness (39%), restless leg syndrome and leg movements during sleep (43%), and breathing disorders related to sleep (38.4%). The prevalence of sleep disorders among the study participants demonstrated a significant relationship with most of their demographic variables (P < 0.001). The Pearson correlation coefficient also revealed an inverse and significant relationship between the prevalence of sleep disorders in the study participants and their age, monthly household income, and BMI (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Overall, the results depicted a relatively high prevalence of sleep disorders in the studied community. These findings emphasize the need for interventions to prevent and treat sleep disorders in society.

Keywords: Insomnia; Iran; Prevalence; Sleep disorders.

MeSH terms

Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Humans
Iran / epidemiology
Male
Middle Aged
Prevalence
Sleep Wake Disorders* / epidemiology
Surveys and Questionnaires
Young Adult

Grants and funding

4000358/Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences