Normal Hemodynamic Response to Exercise

Abstract

Exercise pulmonary hypertension has been invasively defined as mean pulmonary artery pressure/cardiac output slope greater than 3 mm Hg/L/min. Recent advances suggest the sustainable role of exercise Doppler echocardiography for the study of the right heart and pulmonary circulation unit (RH-PCU). Herein, the authors review the invasive versus non-invasive monitoring of the RH-PCU response to exercise in healthy subjects.

Keywords: Exercise Doppler echocardiography; Exercise right-heart catheterization; Pulmonary circulation; Pulmonary hypertension; Right heart.