Sympathetic Overdrive and Role of Beta-blockers in Various Forms of Heart Failure: A Consensus Statement from India

Abstract

In heart failure, sympathetic overdrive is evidenced by norepinephrine spillover, receptor level changes, etc. Beta-blockers continue to be the cornerstone of treatment in patients with chronic heart failure due to their ability to counteract sympathetic overdrive. Extensive clinical research has demonstrated that long-term beta-blocker treatment with metoprolol succinate, carvedilol, or bisoprolol enhances left ventricular function and reverses left ventricular remodeling, decreases hospitalization risk, and increases survival. The aim of this consensus paper is to identify patient profiles, initiation or up-titration of beta-blockers and benefits of chirally pure beta-blocker in patients with heart failure. This expert consensus will ensure precise implementation of beta-blockers in heart failure as a part of guideline-directed medical therapy.