The pH of environmental systems plays a crucial role in determining pollutant behavior, necessitating the development of effective tools for real-time monitoring. This study introduces a novel series of lipophilic HPTS derivatives, developed through a two-step synthesis route, designed as pH-sensitive dyes, characterized by high fluorescence intensity, photostability, dual excitation/single emission, and significant Stokes shifts. We engineered self-ratiometric pH-sensing planar optode foils and investigated the impact of carbon chain length on foil durability. These foils demonstrate reliable quantitative pH detection across a range of 6.5-9.5 using commercial imaging systems and maintain exceptional photostability with minimal ionic interference. Notably, foils constructed with HPTS(DPA)3 derivatives, where the substituent carbon chain length is longer than six carbons show no significant leakage under varying pH conditions. The practical application of the foil was validated by mapping the two-dimensional pH distribution in the soil rhizosphere around rice roots at a resolution of 17 megapixels, demonstrating the potential for environmental monitoring applications.
Keywords: HPTS derivates; Long-term pH monitoring; Ratiometric planar pH sensor; Rhizosphere acidification; Two-dimensional high-resolution sensing.
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