Efficacy and safety of RC48-ADC in HER2-positive and HER2-low metastatic breast cancer: a multicenter, real-world study

Fei Qu; Rongrong Lu; Xinyu Wu; Qian Liu; Mengyao Zha; Huihui Li; Yuan Yuan; Zhengxiang Han; Dongyan Cai; Xiang Huang; Yongmei Yin; Wei Li

doi:10.3389/fonc.2024.1435485

Efficacy and safety of RC48-ADC in HER2-positive and HER2-low metastatic breast cancer: a multicenter, real-world study

Front Oncol. 2024 Nov 8:14:1435485. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1435485. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Fei Qu^{1

2}, Rongrong Lu^{1

2}, Xinyu Wu^{1

2}, Qian Liu^{1

2}, Mengyao Zha^{1

2}, Huihui Li³, Yuan Yuan⁴, Zhengxiang Han⁵, Dongyan Cai⁶, Xiang Huang¹, Yongmei Yin^#^{1

7}, Wei Li^#¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
² The First Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
³ Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
⁴ Department of Chemotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
⁵ Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
⁶ Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
⁷ Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Background: A standard treatment recommendation for third-line and subsequent treatments for advanced HER2-positive breast cancer is still missing, especially for low HER2 expression. Nevertheless, there is evidence that these patients might benefits from antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy, safety, and factors affecting efficacy of Disitamab Vedotin (RC48) for treating HER2-positive and HER2-low metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in the real-world setting.

Methods: A retrospective study at five clinical sites was conducted in China, enrolling MBC patients treated with RC48 from July 01, 2021 and May 31, 2023. Patient demographics, treatment patterns, and adverse events (AEs) were recorded and analyzed.

Results: A total of 154 patients were included: 104 (67.53%) patients with HER2-positive and 50 (32.47%) patients with HER2-low MBC. The median progression-free survival (mPFS) was 5.06 months. The objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 36.36% and 68.83%, respectively. HER2-positive patients exhibited a mPFS of 5.93 and an ORR of 41.35%. In contrast, patients with low-HER2 had a mPFS of 4.28 months and an ORR of 26.00%. The most common AEs included neutropenia (54.55%), increased AST (53.25%), leukopenia (51.95%), and fatigue (43.51%), mostly graded mild to moderate (grade 1-2).

Conclusions: This extensive study in China demonstrated that RC48 has excellent therapeutic potential for both HER2-positive and HER2-low MBC with a favorable safety profile. The study also suggests that combination therapy significantly boosts efficacy beyond monotherapy, indicating a promising avenue for future ADC development.

Keywords: Disitamab Vedotin; antibody-drug conjugates; breast cancer; efficacy; human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; safety.

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This research was funded by Surface Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81772475) and Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology Science Funding (No. Y-sy2018-242).