Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is a powerful technique for the ultra-sensitive detection of organic analytes. In this paper, the preparation of SERS substrates based on silver nanorods (AgNRs) is proposed, exploiting a simple protocol which does not require complex procedures and/or sophisticated and expensive instrumentation. For this purpose, various syntheses of AgNRs were tested, and the best one for preparing the SERS active substrate proved to be the one which does not involve surfactants as nanoparticle stabilizers. The plasmonic properties of the selected substrate can be modified based on the concentration of the deposited nanoparticles, allowing for the experimentation of different excitation wavelengths. Positive results were obtained on reference solutions of three natural dyes of historical interest using both green exciting radiation (532 nm) and two near-infrared ones (785 and 850 nm; the latter is combined with the SSE™ technology for further fluorescence quenching). Furthermore, the substrates of AgNRs were found to be suitable for SERS measurements even in dry-state conditions, i.e., only exploiting the electromagnetic interaction between the nanostructured substrate and the dye molecules absorbed onto a wool fibre.
Keywords: SERS spectroscopy; SSE™ Raman; drystate; historical natural dyes; silver nanorods; tuneable substrate.