Molecules That Have Rarely Been Studied in Lymphatic Endothelial Cells

Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Nov 14;25(22):12226. doi: 10.3390/ijms252212226.

Abstract

A number of standard molecules are used for the molecular and histological characterization of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), including lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE1), Podoplanin (D2-40), VEGFR3, Prospero homeobox protein 1 (PROX1), and CD31. The number of molecules whose mutations cause lymphatic malformations or primary congenital lymphedema is considerable, but the majority of these diseases have not yet been characterized at the molecular level. Therefore, there is still considerable scope for molecular and functional studies of the lymphatic vasculature. Using RNASeq, we have previously characterized lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. We used this information to compare it with immunohistochemical data. We carried out some of the immunohistology ourselves, and systematically studied the Human Protein Atlas, a cell and tissue database based in Sweden. Here we describe molecules that are expressed at RNA and protein levels in LECs, hoping to stimulate future functional studies of these molecules.

Keywords: ANKRD37; CAV1; CAV2; CD59; CNN3; DYSF; KANK3; MARCKSL1; MMRN1; NXN; SPTAN1; SPTBN1; lymphatic endothelial cell.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Endothelial Cells* / metabolism
  • Homeodomain Proteins / genetics
  • Homeodomain Proteins / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Lymphatic Vessels / cytology
  • Lymphatic Vessels / metabolism
  • Membrane Glycoproteins / genetics
  • Membrane Glycoproteins / metabolism
  • Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / genetics
  • Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / metabolism
  • Tumor Suppressor Proteins / genetics
  • Tumor Suppressor Proteins / metabolism
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3 / genetics
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3 / metabolism
  • Vesicular Transport Proteins / genetics
  • Vesicular Transport Proteins / metabolism

Substances

  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3
  • LYVE1 protein, human
  • PDPN protein, human
  • Homeodomain Proteins
  • Membrane Glycoproteins
  • Vesicular Transport Proteins
  • FLT4 protein, human
  • Tumor Suppressor Proteins
  • Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
  • prospero-related homeobox 1 protein