Mature compost enhanced the harmlessness level in co-composting swine manure and carcasses in large-scale silo reactors

Ziwei Jiao; Liping Zhang; Ake Zhang; Ruoqi Li; Kui Zhang; Zhen Wu; Zitong Kang; Yuquan Wei; Longli Zhang; Yue Wang; Xiong Shi; Ji Li

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1494332

Mature compost enhanced the harmlessness level in co-composting swine manure and carcasses in large-scale silo reactors

Front Microbiol. 2024 Nov 13:15:1494332. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1494332. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Ziwei Jiao^#¹, Liping Zhang^#², Ake Zhang^#^{3

4}, Ruoqi Li², Kui Zhang², Zhen Wu², Zitong Kang², Yuquan Wei², Longli Zhang⁵, Yue Wang², Xiong Shi⁶, Ji Li²

Affiliations

¹ College of Biological Science and Technology, Yili Normal University, Yining, China.
² College of Resources and Environmental Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
³ Fuyang Agricultural Science Academy, Fuyang, Anhui, China.
⁴ College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
⁵ Beijing VOTO Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.
⁶ Yangtze Eco-Environment Engineering Research Center, China Three Gorges Corporation, Wuhan, China.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the impact of incorporating mature compost on the harmlessness and maturity level of composting from swine manure and carcasses from industrialized pig farms in continuously running large-scale silo reactor systems. The potential human or animal bacterial pathogens and core bacterial community in composting were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. The results showed that the addition of mature compost in the GD group significantly increased the temperature of all depths, the accumulated temperature of compost, and the germination index (75.43%) compared to that in the HN group without mature compost. High-throughput sequencing revealed that the dominated genera in GD were Ureibacillus, Lactobacillus, Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, and Jeotgalicoccus, and the addition of mature compost could significantly increase the relative abundance of Ureibacillus (16.82%) that was associated with the biodegradation of organics. A total of 421 potential bacterial pathogens were detected, and the dominated genera of pathogens were Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Anaerococcus. The potential pathogen in the GD group with mature compost was reduced from 7.16 to 0.77%, which was significantly lower than that (2.97%) in the HN group. Together, these findings revealed that mature compost addition in large-scale reactor composting could accelerate the harmless and humification process, providing an effective and environmentally friendly scheme to deal with the main organic wastes in intensive pig farms.

Keywords: bacterial community; full-scale composting; mature compost; potential pathogen; silo reactor; swine manure.

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work was supported by the Training project of talents in Agriculture, rural areas and farmers of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (2023SNGGGCC015), National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China (2023YFD1702200), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42307436, 42477352), Chinese Universities Scientific Fund (2024TC003), and the Independent Research Project of Science and Technology Innovation Base in Tibet Autonomous (XZ2022JR0007G). This work was carried out by staff of the Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Lavender Conservation and Utilization at Yili Normal University.