A large-scale screening identifies receptor-like kinases with common features in kinase domains that are potentially related to disease resistance in planta

Yan Huang; Yuan Yuan; Rongqian Yang; Xiangjian Gou; Shiping Dai; Jun Zhou; Jinya Guo; Jinbo Shen; Yanli Lu; Yaxi Liu; Yi Cai

doi:10.3389/fpls.2024.1503773

A large-scale screening identifies receptor-like kinases with common features in kinase domains that are potentially related to disease resistance in planta

Front Plant Sci. 2024 Nov 13:15:1503773. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1503773. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Yan Huang^#¹, Yuan Yuan^#¹, Rongqian Yang¹, Xiangjian Gou², Shiping Dai¹, Jun Zhou¹, Jinya Guo¹, Jinbo Shen³, Yanli Lu², Yaxi Liu⁴, Yi Cai¹

Affiliations

¹ College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China.
² Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
³ State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China.
⁴ State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Introduction: The plant genome encodes a plethora of proteins with structural similarity to animal receptor protein kinases, collectively known as receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs), which predominantly localize to the plasma membrane where they activate their kinase domains to convey extracellular signals to the interior of the cell, playing crucial roles in various signaling pathways. Despite the large number of members within the RLK family, to date, only a few have been identified as pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), leaving many potential RLKs that could play roles in plant immunity undiscovered.

Methods: In this study, a recombinant strategy was initially employed to screen the kinase domains of 133 RLKs in the Arabidopsis genome to determine their involvement in the pathogen-triggered immunity (PTI) pathway. Subsequently, 6 potential immune-related recombinant RLKs (rRLKs) were selected for the creation of transgenic materials and underwent functional characterization analysis. Finally, a sequence analysis was conducted on the kinase domains of these 133 RLKs as well as the known immune RLK receptor kinase domains from other species.

Results: It was found that 24 rRLKs activated the PTI response in Arabidopsis fls2 mutant protoplasts following flg22 treatment. Consistently, when 6 of these rRLKs were individually expressed in fls2 background, they exhibited diverse PTI signal transduction capabilities via different pathways while all retained membrane localization. Intriguingly, sequence analysis revealed multiple conserved amino acid sites within kinase domains of these experimentally identified immune-related RLKs in Arabidopsis. Importantly, these patterns are also preserved in RLKs involved in PTI in other species.

Discussion: This study, on one hand, identifies common features that theoretically can enhance our understanding of immune-related RLKs and facilitate the discovery of novel immune-related RLKs in the future. On the other hand, it provides experimental evidence for the use of recombinant technique to develop diverse rRLKs for molecular breeding, thereby conferring high resistance to plants without compromising their normal growth and development.

Keywords: Arabidopsis protoplasts; Flg22; PTI signal transduction; plant immunity; rRLK.