Urinary profiles of bisphenol S derivatives and their exposure pathway analysis in maternal and infant populations of Beijing

Sun Jialin; Gao Qun; Li Hong; Feng Yixing; Yang Runhui; Liu Yuehan; Ren Jiale; Sang Chenhui; Zhao Bingli; Niu Yumin; Shao Bing

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2024.109169

Urinary profiles of bisphenol S derivatives and their exposure pathway analysis in maternal and infant populations of Beijing

Environ Int. 2024 Nov 26:194:109169. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109169. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Sun Jialin¹, Gao Qun², Li Hong², Feng Yixing², Yang Runhui³, Liu Yuehan⁴, Ren Jiale⁴, Sang Chenhui², Zhao Bingli⁵, Niu Yumin⁶, Shao Bing⁷

Affiliations

¹ Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China; Chaoyang District Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Beijing, Beijing 100020, China.
² Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China.
³ College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
⁴ School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
⁵ Yanjing Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101300, China.
⁶ Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China; School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China. Electronic address: nym0542010@163.com.
⁷ Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China; School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.

PMID: 39615254
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109169

Abstract

Bisphenol S (BPS) derivatives have potential reproductive developmental toxicity and have been found in the environment and in breast milk. The level of infant exposure and the source are currently unknown. In this study, we investigated BPS and six derivatives (together referred to as BPs) in urine samples from mothers and infants, indoor dust, breast milk and infant formula in Beijing, China. BPS, diphenyl sulfone (DPS) and 4-allyloxy-4'-hydroxydiphenyl sulfone (BPS-MAE) were the main BPs. Notably, the concentration of DPS in infants' urine was higher than that of BPS, which warrants attention. Infants have higher daily intake levels than mothers. Exclusively breastfed infants have a higher risk of BPs exposure than exclusively formula-fed infants. For exclusive breastfed infants, the contribution of individual BPs through breast milk was 23.2% to 93.6%. While for exclusively formula-fed infants, the contribution of individual BPs through infant formula was 30.5% to 70.3%. The contribution of individual BPs through indoor dust was no more than 10%. The results suggesting that infants can be exposed to BPs through other pathways. This is the first comprehensive assessment of maternal and infants exposure to BPS derivatives, providing insights into the sources of infant exposure.

Keywords: BPS derivatives; Breast milk; Indoor dust; Infant; Infant formula; Urine.