Genotoxicity analysis of a flame retardant, aluminum diethylphosphinate

T O L Leoncio; A S Fernandes; I Felzenszwalb; C F Araujo-Lima; D P Oliveira; D J Dorta; C F Sampaio; E R A Ferraz

doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503829

Genotoxicity analysis of a flame retardant, aluminum diethylphosphinate

Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen. 2024 Nov-Dec:900:503829. doi: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503829. Epub 2024 Oct 29.

Authors

T O L Leoncio¹, A S Fernandes², I Felzenszwalb³, C F Araujo-Lima⁴, D P Oliveira⁵, D J Dorta⁵, C F Sampaio⁶, E R A Ferraz⁷

Affiliations

¹ School of Pharmacy, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil.
² Department of Biophysics and Biometrics, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
³ Department of Biophysics and Biometrics, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: uerj.felzen@gmail.com.
⁴ Department of Biophysics and Biometrics, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
⁵ University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies for the Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), UNESP, Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
⁶ University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
⁷ School of Pharmacy, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies for the Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), UNESP, Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.

PMID: 39617594
DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503829

Abstract

Flame retardants, crucial for fire prevention, are used worldwide, but they are considered to be 'emerging contaminants' and may pose risks to human and environmental health. Aluminum diethyl phosphinate (ALPI) is a halogen-free flame retardant. To evaluate the toxicity of this compound, the following assays were performed: Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay; toxicity assays with two endpoints (mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity, plasma membrane integrity); micronucleus assay with human hepatoma cell line HepG2. ALPI was not mutagenic in Salmonella strains TA97, TA98, TA100, TA102, or TA104. ALPI was not cytotoxic at any concentration tested. The HepG2 micronucleus assay showed genotoxicity of ALPI at 200 µg/mL and no cytotoxicity (cytokinesis-block proliferation index, CBPI). Our data are relevant to the regulation of flame retardants.

Keywords: Emerging contaminants; In vitro assays; Toxicity.

MeSH terms

Cell Membrane / drug effects
Flame Retardants* / toxicity
Hep G2 Cells
Humans
Micronucleus Tests
Microsomes / drug effects
Microsomes / metabolism
Mutagenicity Tests
Phosphinic Acids / toxicity
Salmonella / drug effects
Salmonella / genetics

Substances

Flame Retardants
Phosphinic Acids