NF-κB associated markers of prognosis in early and metastatic triple negative breast cancer

Breast Cancer Res. 2024 Dec 2;26(1):175. doi: 10.1186/s13058-024-01925-3.

Abstract

Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer. While PD-1 based immunotherapies overall have led to improved treatment outcomes for this disease, a diverse response to frontline chemotherapy and immunotherapy still exist in TNBC, highlighting the need for more robust prognostic markers.

Methods: Tumor-intrinsic immunotranscriptomics, serum cytokine profiling, and tumor burden studies were conducted in two syngeneic mouse models to assess differential effects in both the early-stage and metastatic setting. Bioinformatic analyses of both early and metastatic TNBC patient data were performed to assess if identified NF-κB-associated factors are associated with improved patient clinical outcomes.

Results: NF-κB signaling driven by lymphotoxin beta expression is associated with tumor regression in TNBC mouse models. Furthermore, lymphotoxin beta expression in patient TNBC cohorts is prognostic of improved survival outcomes.

Conclusions: This study highlights the potential role for NF-κB-associated factors, specifically lymphotoxin beta to be used as prognostic markers in TNBC, which could ultimately provide insight for improved targeted treatment approaches in the clinic.

Keywords: Biomarkers; Immune checkpoint inhibitors; Immunotherapy; NF-κB pathway; Triple negative breast cancer.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Biomarkers, Tumor*
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cytokines / blood
  • Cytokines / metabolism
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Female
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
  • Humans
  • Lymphotoxin-beta / metabolism
  • Mice
  • NF-kappa B* / metabolism
  • Neoplasm Metastasis
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Prognosis
  • Signal Transduction
  • Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms* / drug therapy
  • Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms* / metabolism
  • Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms* / mortality
  • Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms* / pathology

Substances

  • NF-kappa B
  • Biomarkers, Tumor
  • Lymphotoxin-beta
  • Cytokines