Research progress of spike protein mutation of SARS-CoV-2 mutant strain and antibody development

Front Immunol. 2024 Nov 18:15:1407149. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1407149. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease with a very high infectious rate caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2). Because SARS-CoV-2 is easy to mutate, the continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variant strains not only enhances the infectivity of the SARS-CoV-2 but also brings great obstacles to the treatment of COVID-19. Neutralizing antibodies have achieved good results in the clinical application of the novel coronavirus pneumonia, which can be used for pre-infection protection and treatment of novel coronavirus patients. This review makes a detailed introduction to the mutation characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, focusing on the molecular mechanism of mutation affecting the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2, and the impact of mutation on monoclonal antibody therapy, providing scientific reference for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 variant strains and the research and development of antibody drugs.

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; antibody; inevitability; variants.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal* / immunology
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal* / therapeutic use
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing* / immunology
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing* / therapeutic use
  • Antibodies, Viral* / immunology
  • Antibodies, Viral* / therapeutic use
  • COVID-19* / immunology
  • COVID-19* / virology
  • Humans
  • Mutation*
  • SARS-CoV-2* / genetics
  • SARS-CoV-2* / immunology
  • Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus* / genetics
  • Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus* / immunology

Substances

  • Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
  • spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
  • Antibodies, Viral
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal

Supplementary concepts

  • SARS-CoV-2 variants

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work was financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shandong, China (Grant No. ZR2023MC059) and High-end Talent Introduction "Double Hundred Plan" Special Foundation of Yantai City (Grant No. 612211012002).