Skin and hair are the outermost interfaces between the human body and the external environment with many microorganisms distributed. These body surface microorganisms have individual specificity and spatial temporal stability and can be transferred to the surface of other objects through contact, and can be easily found at the crime scene, which helps to construct the connection between the suspect and the crime scene. When the sample is degraded or the DNA quantity is too low to obtain sufficient human DNA evidence, the highly amplified copies of body surface microbiome analysis can be used as an adjunct to human DNA typing without affecting DNA extraction and typing, and provide useful information for narrowing the range of suspects. This paper reviews the forensic characteristics and analytical methods of body surface microbiome, the research progress on the application of body surface microbiome to forensic individual identification, and puts forward the challenges of applying body surface microbiome to forensic practice.
皮肤和毛发是人体与外界环境接触的最外层界面，分布着许多微生物，这些体表微生物具有个体特异性和时空稳定性，可通过接触转移至其他物体表面，易在犯罪现场被发现，有助于构建嫌疑人与犯罪现场的关联。当样本降解或DNA含量较少而无法获得足够的人源性DNA证据时，高拷贝的体表微生物组分析在不影响原有的DNA提取和分型情况下，可作为人源性DNA分型的辅助手段，为缩小嫌疑人范围提供信息。本文综述了体表微生物组的法医学特征和分析方法以及体表微生物组应用于法医学个体识别的研究进展，并提出了体表微生物组应用于法医学实践的挑战。.
Keywords: forensic genetics; hairs; individual identification; microbiology; microbiome; review; skin.