Inhibitory effect of Zhujing Pill on myopia progression: Mechanistic insights based on metabonomics and network pharmacology

PLoS One. 2024 Dec 3;19(12):e0312379. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0312379. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

Objectives: This study endeavored to uncover the mechanisms by which Zhujing pill (ZJP) slows myopia progression.

Methods: We employed biometric analyses to track diopter and axial length changes in guinea pigs with negative lens-induced myopia (LIM). Through integrating metabonomics and network pharmacology, we aimed to predict the anti-myopic targets and active ingredients of ZJP. Subsequent analysis, including real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting (WB), assessed the expression levels of CHRNA7, LPCAT1, and NOS2 in retinal tissues.

Key findings: Our findings demonstrate that ZJP significantly mitigates diopter increase and axial elongation in LIM guinea pigs. Metabonomic analysis revealed significant changes in 13 serum metabolites, with ZJP reversing the expression of 5 key metabolites. By integrating metabonomics with network pharmacology, we identified core targets of ZJP against myopia and constructed a compound-gene-disease-metabolite network. The expressions of LPCAT1 and CHRNA7 were found to decrease in the LIM group but increase with ZJP treatment, whereas NOS2 expression showed the opposite pattern.

Conclusions: This investigation provides the first evidence of ZJP's multifaceted effectiveness in managing myopia, highlighting its impact on multiple components, targets, and pathways, including the novel involvement of LPCAT1 and CHRNA7 in myopia pathogenesis.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Disease Progression*
  • Drugs, Chinese Herbal* / pharmacology
  • Drugs, Chinese Herbal* / therapeutic use
  • Guinea Pigs
  • Male
  • Metabolomics* / methods
  • Myopia* / drug therapy
  • Myopia* / genetics
  • Myopia* / metabolism
  • Network Pharmacology*
  • Retina / drug effects
  • Retina / metabolism
  • Retina / pathology

Substances

  • Drugs, Chinese Herbal

Grants and funding

DG: National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFC2702103, 2021YFC2702100) and the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province (2019GSF108252). MP: Student Research Training program in SDUTCM (2022035). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.