The role of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in modern cultivation for the implementation of greenhouses

Attique Ur Rehman; Songfeng Lu; Muhammad Awais Ashraf; Muhammad Shahid Iqbal; Awais Khan Nawabi; Farhan Amin; Rashid Abbasi; Isabel de la Torre; Santos Gracia Villar; Luis Alonso Dzul Lopez; Md Belal Bin Heyat

doi:10.7717/peerj-cs.2309

The role of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in modern cultivation for the implementation of greenhouses

PeerJ Comput Sci. 2024 Sep 26:10:e2309. doi: 10.7717/peerj-cs.2309. eCollection 2024.

Affiliations

¹ School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Engineering (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, China.
² School of Information Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
³ Department of Science and Information Technology, Women University of AJ&K, Bagh, Pakistan.
⁴ School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Hunan, Changsha, China.
⁵ School of Computer Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of South Korea.
⁶ College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China.
⁷ Department of Signal Theory and Communications, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
⁸ Isabel Torres, Universidad Europea Del Atlántico, Santander, Spain.
⁹ School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.

Abstract

In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has become one of the most familiar names creating a benchmark and scaling new heights. IoT an indeed future of the communication that has transformed the objects (things) of the real world into smarter devices. With the advent of IoT technology, this decade is witnessing a transformation from traditional agriculture approaches to the most advanced ones. Limited research has been carried out in this direction. Thus, herein we present various technological aspects involved in IoT-based cultivation. The role and the key components of smart farming using IoT were examined, with a focus on network technologies, including layers, protocols, topologies, network architecture, etc. We also delve into the integration of relevant technologies such as cloud computing, big data analytics, and the integration of IoT-based cultivation. We explored various security issues in modern IoT cultivation and also emphasized the importance of safeguarding sensitive agricultural data. Additionally, a comprehensive list of applications based on sensors and mobile devices is provided, offering refined solutions for greenhouse management. The principles and regulations established by different countries for IoT-based cultivation systems are presented, demonstrating the global recognition of these technologies. Furthermore, a selection of successful use cases and real-world scenarios and applications were presented. Finally, the open research challenges and solutions in modern IoT-based cultivation were discussed.

Keywords: Big data; Internet of things; Security; Technologies.

Grants and funding

This research is funded by the European University of Atlantic. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.