We discuss the history and progress of treatment for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in children as it has evolved over the past decade. We review the results of clinical trails for children with AML and examine the major strategies that have contributed to progresses in the treatment of this disease. Prior to the 1970's, nearly every child with AML died. Modern intensive chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation, and advanced supportive care of critically ill patients have improved the outlook for children with this fatal disease.
Conclusion: Although it represents only 15-20% of all childhood acute leukemias, > 30% of deaths from leukemia are still a consequence of AML, and only 30-40% of children with newly diagnosed AML are expected to achieve a long-term remission. Greater advances in treatment are expected as headway is made in understanding the complex biology of this heterogeneous disease.