Erythropoietin has become a crucial point in treatment of anaemia in patients with chronic renal failure. Recently a very important point of concern are the non hematological aspects of its action. The aim of presented study was to evaluate the biochemical and clinical effects of using erythropoietin at doses not influence hemopoiesis. 10 hemodialysis patients with stable hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, were given erythropoietin at dose of 7-10U/kg.b.w./d--the dose not affecting erythropoiesis. Erythropoietin was administered subcutaneously, 3 times a week, for 12 weeks. In this way, we tried to evaluate the direct effects of erythropoietin action, not associated with a correction of anemia. After the therapy a statistically significant decrease was seen of total cholesterol (p < 0.01), LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.01) in serum of these patients. The concentration of triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, glucose and insulin changed in a variable mode. We did not find any significant changes in hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, but despite of that we observed a significant decrease of lactate (p < 0.01). It seems that the global result of all mentioned changes was a great improvement in the "quality of life" of this group of patients.