Patch test results with serial dilutions of nickel sulfate (with and without detergent), palladium chloride, and nickel and palladium metal plates

Contact Dermatitis. 1995 Mar;32(3):135-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00802.x.

Abstract

Clinical experience suggests the existence of different degrees of sensitivity in nickel-allergic patients. For quantification of this phenomenon, 462 consecutive patients with previously diagnosed or strongly suspected nickel allergy were tested with serial dilution patch tests with 5 ppm to 5% nickel sulfate in pet. (Ni), and 5 ppm to 1% nickel sulfate in pet. with 1% detergent (Ni/D). Additionally, nickel and palladium metal plates were tested in 103, and cobalt salts, dichromate and palladium chloride (PdCl2) in most patients. 332 patients reacted positively to Ni or Ni/D. The influence of a concomitantly administered detergent was not significant. A significant correlation was found between positive reactions to low concentrations of Ni (or Ni/D), i.e., 0.1% or less (N = 166), and concomitant reactions to nickel metal plates, cobalt salts and PdCl2 and a history of ear piercing with metal intolerance. The clinical relevance of reactions to PdCl2 is at present not clear. A subgroup of nickel-allergic patients with "high sensitivity" can be defined. In future studies further addressing the clinical relevance of high versus low sensitivity, patch testing with 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 5% nickel sulfate in pet. is recommended instead of routine tests with 5% only.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Alkanesulfonic Acids / adverse effects
  • Cobalt / adverse effects
  • Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / diagnosis*
  • Detergents / administration & dosage
  • Detergents / adverse effects
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Nickel / administration & dosage
  • Nickel / adverse effects*
  • Palladium / administration & dosage
  • Palladium / adverse effects*
  • Patch Tests
  • Potassium Dichromate / adverse effects

Substances

  • Alkanesulfonic Acids
  • Detergents
  • alkylbenzyl sulfonic acid
  • Cobalt
  • nickel sulfate
  • Palladium
  • Nickel
  • cobaltous chloride
  • cobalt sulfate
  • palladium chloride
  • Potassium Dichromate